LEXICOLOGY

Fundamentals of lexicology

1. Object of lexicology
2. Links of  lexicology with other aspects of linguistics
3. Types of linguistics
4. Two principle approaches in linguistics

Lexicology

“Lexis”  - word, phrase (Greek)

“Logos” – Science (Greek)

“The science of the word”

Lexicology is the study of lexis or stock of words in a language.

Lexicology is a part of linguistics which deals with the vocabulary and characteristic features of words and word-groups
lexicology also involves relations between words, which way involve semantics (for example : love vs. affection) derivation (for example : fathom vs. unfathomably), use and sociolinguistic distinctions (for example : fles vs. meat) and any other issues involved in analyzing the whole lexicon of language.

An allied science to lexicology is lexicolography, which also studies words, but primaly in relation with dictionary - it is concerned with the inclusion of words in the dictionaries and from that perspective with the whole lexicon. sometimes lexicographyis considered to be a part or a branch of lexicology, but properly speaking, only lexicologists who actually write dictionaries are lexicographer. some consider this a distinction of theory vs. practice.

     1. General Lexicology

    ↪general study of words and vocabulary, irrespective of the specific features of any particular language

2. Special Lexicology

↪ the description of the vocabulary of a given language

↪ can be historical or descriptive

Types of Special Lexicology

Historical Lexicology deals with :

-  the origin of the words and their evolution

-  their change and development,

-  linguistic and extra-linguistic factors influencing the structure of words, their meaning and usage

synchronic (descriptive) state of a language

system is a result of a long process of linguistic

evolution

 

Synchronically

A simple word- to beg

A derived word- a beggar

(a derived word- a word formed or originated from

another or from a root in the same or another

language  to beg + ar =beggar)

Descriptive Lexicology deals with :

- vocabulary of a given language at a definite stage of its development

- functions of words, morphological and semantic structures of words

the result of the historical (diachronic)

development of the language

Diachronically

“Beggar” was borrowed from Old French,

“To beg” appeared in English as a result of back

derivation, was derived from the word “beggar”

*back derivation-t he formation of the word from the stem of another word by means of cutting off suffixes (prefixes) from the source word

conclucion :

        A change in meaning is not followed by any structural changes, either morphemic or phonetic.
Like word-forms variants of words are identified in the process of communication as making up one and the same word.
Thus, within the language system the word exists as a system and unity of all its forms and variants
 

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